KATHMANDU, Dec 4: Pakistan has passed the long-awaited Minorities Rights Bill 2025, marking what observers describe as a historic milestone in the country’s efforts to safeguard the rights of non-Muslim communities. The bill, approved on December 2 with a 160–79 vote in a joint sitting of Parliament, fulfils a decade-old Supreme Court directive to establish an independent statutory body dedicated to minority rights.
The legislation had earlier been returned by President Asif Ali Zardari under Article 75(1), citing concerns about its compliance with Islamic principles. Following extensive consultations with religious leaders at Aiwan-e-Sadr in August 2025, lawmakers reached a consensus on amendments to ensure full alignment with the Quran and Sunnah. All major objections were addressed, paving the way for the bill’s reintroduction and eventual approval.
One of the most significant revisions was the removal of Clause 35, which critics warned could lead to misinterpretation of the term “minority.” The final version also limits the scope of the law strictly to non-Muslim minorities, preventing overlap with existing human rights bodies.
Bill of surveillance
Under the new legislation, Pakistan will establish an autonomous, 18-member Minorities Rights Commission led by a chairperson from minority communities. At least 10 members must belong to minority groups, including smaller communities such as the Bahá’ís and the Kalash. The Commission will enjoy full investigative and suomotu powers, including referring cases for prosecution. It will monitor implementation of constitutional safeguards, track job and education quotas, and oversee access to public services.
A National Council for Minorities will also be formed to promote interfaith harmony and provide advisory oversight. The law mandates the creation of a National Action Plan for minority welfare, while regional sub-offices will offer easier access to complaint mechanisms. The Commission’s dedicated federal budget ensures financial continuity and independence from political interference.
Observers say the new law strengthens Pakistan’s constitutional commitment to equality, improves national cohesion, and enhances the country’s international standing by aligning with global human rights standards. It is also expected to reduce discrimination, forced conversions, and targeted violence by introducing a proactive institutional watchdog.
Analysts note that by incorporating Sharia-compliant safeguards and building cross-party consensus, the government has significantly reduced the political controversy historically associated with minority rights legislation.
While the bill’s passage is widely seen as a transformative step, stakeholders stress that its true impact will depend on timely implementation, adequate resourcing, and consistent political support.
